Massachusetts State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

Which term refers to microorganisms that can potentially cause infections in humans?

1. Pathogenic

2. Nonpathogenic

3. Saprophytic

4. Commensal

The correct answer is: Pathogenic

The term that refers to microorganisms capable of causing infections in humans is pathogenic. Pathogenic microorganisms are those that can lead to disease by invading the body, reproducing, and producing harmful effects. These can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have the potential to disrupt normal biological processes, leading to a variety of health issues. Understanding this term is crucial in fields like esthetics, where knowledge of how different microorganisms may affect skin health is essential. Recognizing pathogenic organisms allows professionals to implement proper sanitation and hygiene practices to protect clients from possible infections. In contrast, nonpathogenic microorganisms are those that typically do not cause disease and may even be beneficial to human health. Saprophytic organisms break down dead organic matter, playing a role in decomposition but not directly causing infections. Commensal microorganisms live on or in the human body without causing harm and can even contribute positively by outcompeting pathogenic organisms.