Massachusetts State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

Which enzyme stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin?

1. Elastin

2. Collagenase

3. Tyrosinase

4. Protease

The correct answer is: Tyrosinase

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is tyrosinase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the process of melanin synthesis, which is essential for the pigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. Tyrosinase catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of melanin from the amino acid tyrosine. This process begins with the conversion of tyrosine to dopa and then to dopaquinone, ultimately leading to the production of different forms of melanin. Increased activity of tyrosinase often corresponds with tanning and the body's response to UV exposure, as it helps increase melanin production to protect deeper layers of the skin from potential damage. Other options like elastin, collagenase, and protease do not directly relate to the production of melanin. Elastin is a protein that helps maintain skin elasticity, collagenase breaks down collagen in the skin, and protease is involved in protein degradation but does not have a role in melanin production. This highlights why tyrosinase is the specific enzyme linked to triggering the production of pigments in the skin.