Massachusetts State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

What is a key characteristic of cilia compared to flagella?

1. Cilia are longer than flagella

2. Cilia move in a circular motion

3. Cilia are shorter and move in a rowing motion

4. Cilia do not assist in movement

The correct answer is: Cilia are shorter and move in a rowing motion

Cilia are indeed characterized by being shorter than flagella and moving in a rowing motion. This rowing motion is a crucial aspect of their function, commonly seen in single-celled organisms where cilia beat in a coordinated manner to propel the organism through its environment or to move fluids across their surface. In contrast, flagella are typically longer and often exhibit a whip-like or undulating motion that propels the cell in a directional manner. The collective beating pattern of cilia allows for effective movement in tight spaces or across surfaces, making them essential for various biological processes such as nutrient flow in tissues and locomotion in some microorganisms. Understanding these characteristics helps distinguish the functional roles of cilia and flagella in different biological contexts.